Glutamate is the most commonly engaged neurotransmitter in the mammalian central
nervous system, acting to mediate excitatory neurotransmission. However, high levels of …

Relevant reviews highlight the association between dysfunctional mitochondria and
inflammation, but few studies address the contribution of mitochondria and mitochondria …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, the etiology of which
remains largely unknown. Progressive impairment of voluntary motor control, which …

Cellular stress, induced by external or internal cues, activates several well-orchestrated
processes aimed at either restoring cellular homeostasis or committing to cell death. Those …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Advancing age is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease because of the …

Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with
associated frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) are major neurodegenerative diseases for …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is an universal second messenger that regulates the most
important activities of all eukaryotic cells. It is of critical importance to neurons as it …

Although aging is a known risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the pathogenic
mechanisms that underlie the effects of advancing age remain largely unexplained. Some …

The sites of near-contact between the mitochondrion and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
have earned a lot of attention due to their key role in the maintenance of lipid and calcium …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement
disorders worldwide. There are currently no cures or preventative treatments for PD …