H9N2 avian influenza viruses have become globally widespread in poultry over the last two
decades and represent a genuine threat both to the global poultry industry but also humans …

Continuously emergence of human infection with avian influenza A virus poses persistent
threat to human health, as illustrated in H5N1, H7N9 and recent surge of H9N2 infections …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the H9 subtype are enzootic in Asia, the Middle East, and parts
of North and Central Africa, where they cause significant economic losses to the poultry …

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) continue to impose a negative impact on animal and human
health worldwide. In particular, the emergence of highly pathogenic AIV H5 and, more …

An H7N9 low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) emerged in 2013 through genetic
reassortment between H9N2 and other LPAIVs circulating in birds in China. This virus …

Background Viral diseases are a matter of great concern for poultry farmers in Pakistan.
Multiple common viral respiratory diseases (CVRDs) cause huge economic losses in the …

A 17-month-old boy in India with severe acute respiratory infection was laboratory confirmed
to have avian influenza A (H9N2) virus infection. Complete genome analysis of the strain …

Receptor recognition and binding is the first step of viral infection and a key determinant of
host specificity. The inability of avian influenza viruses to effectively bind human-like …

Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 was first documented in Indonesia in 2017. It has
become prevalent in chickens in many provinces of Indonesia as a result of reassortment in …

Specific interactions between viruses and host cells provide essential insights into material
science-based strategies to combat emerging viral diseases. pH-triggered viral fusion is …