Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease that predominantly occurs in temperate regions of
the northern hemisphere and is primarily caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi in …

Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease and is transmitted to vertebrate
hosts by Ixodes spp. ticks. The spirochaete relies heavily on its arthropod host for basic …

Contamination of aquatic systems with pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroid
hormones, and agrochemicals has been an immense problem for the earth's ecosystem and …

Lyme disease Borrelia are obligately parasitic, tick-transmitted, invasive, persistent bacterial
pathogens that cause disease in humans and non-reservoir vertebrates primarily through …

Lyme borreliosis is caused by certain genospecies of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
complex, which are transmitted by hard ticks of the genus Ixodes. The most common clinical …

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) is a bacterial species complex that includes the
etiological agents of the most frequently reported vector-borne disease in the Northern …

The complement system is an essential player in innate and adaptive immunity. It consists of
three pathways (alternative, classical, and lectin) that initiate either spontaneously …

The complement system, while being an essential and very efficient effector component of
innate immunity, may cause damage to the host and result in various inflammatory …

Pathogens that traffic in blood, lymphatics, or interstitial fluids must adopt strategies to evade
innate immune defenses, notably the complement system. Through recruitment of host …

B orrelia burgdorferi, the agent of L yme disease, is maintained in nature within an enzootic
cycle involving a mammalian reservoir and an I xodes sp. tick vector. The transmission …