Cellular hypoxia occurs when the demand for sufficient molecular oxygen needed to
produce the levels of ATP required to perform physiological functions exceeds the vascular …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the key regulators of oxygen homeostasis in response
to hypoxia. In diabetes, multiple tissues are hypoxic but adaptive responses to hypoxia are …

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a family of transcription factors activated by
hypoxia, consist of three α-subunits (HIF1α, HIF2α and HIF3α) and one β-subunit (HIF1β) …

Atherosclerosis is a multifocal alteration of the vascular wall of medium and large arteries
characterized by a local accumulation of cholesterol and non-resolving inflammation …

Oxygen deprivation or hypoxia characterizes a number of serious pathological conditions
and elicits a number of adaptive changes that are mainly mediated at the transcriptional …

Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality
worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed …

Objective—Atherosclerosis develops near branches and bends of arteries that are exposed
to low shear stress (mechanical drag). These sites are characterized by excessive …

Hypoxia is a prominent characteristic of many acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, and
exerts significant influence on their progression. Macrophages and neutrophils are major …

Obesity-induced adipose dysfunction is a major contributor to atherosclerosis. Cold
exposure has been reported to affect atherosclerosis through regulation of adipose function …

Objective—Atherosclerotic lesions contain hypoxic areas, but the pathophysiological
importance of hypoxia is unknown. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key …