Agmatine is a polyamine that is produced via decarboxylation of l-arginine by the enzyme
arginine decarboxylase. It binds to various receptors and has been accepted as a novel …

Background: Animal models are critical to improve our understanding of the neuronal
mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine dependence in rodents can be …

Dysfunctional neurotransmission within striatal networks is believed to underlie the
pathophysiology of several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Nitric oxide (NO) …

Smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages are frequently associated during
adolescence. This association could be explained by the cumulative behavioral effects of …

Agmatine [2-(4-aminobutyl) guanidine] is an endogenous amine proposed as a
neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that binds to multiple target receptors in brain. Besides …

Phosphorylation is considered a main mechanism modulating nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide
synthase) function to reduce NO production. In the present study, the effects of nNOS …

Background Nitric oxide is a key signalling molecule in the pathogenesis of inflammation,
but its role in acute pancreatitis and related abdominal pain induced by secretory …

Background: Drug-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) is linked to the addictive
properties of the drug used. The number of studies that have investigated the effects of …

The present study investigated the effects of HPE on caffeine‐induced locomotor activity in
mice. Caffeine (4–16 mg/kg) or saline were given to adult male Swiss‐Webster mice, and …

There is a greater prevalence of cigarette smoking among caffeine dependent individuals.
This study therefore sought to assess the effect of nicotine and/or caffeine on some key …