Neuronal populations in the cerebral cortex engage in probabilistic coding, effectively
encoding the state of the surrounding environment with high accuracy and extraordinary …

The firing rate is a prevalent concept used to describe neural computations, but estimating
dynamically changing firing rates from irregular spikes is challenging. An inhomogeneous …

Cortical neurons integrate upstream signals and random electrical noise to gate signaling
outcomes, leading to statistically random patterns of activity. Yet classically, the neuron is …

In cortical neurons, spontaneous membrane potential fluctuations affect the likelihood of
firing an action potential. Yet despite retaining sensitivity to random electrical noise in gating …

Recent evidence demonstrates that long-term object value association can enhance visual
search efficiency, a phenomenon known as value pop-out. However, the neural mechanism …

Recent results show that valuable objects can pop out in visual search, yet its neural
mechanisms remain unexplored. Given the role of substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) in object …

A central problem in the cognitive sciences is identifying the link between consciousness
and neural computation. The key features of consciousness—including the emergence of …

One view of the neocortical architecture is that every region functions based on a universal
computational principle. Contrary to this, we postulated that each cortical region has its own …

Recent evidence demonstrates that long-term object value association can enhance visual
search efficiency, a phenomenon known as value pop-out. However, the neural mechanism …