This book has its origin in a network on energy history, the LEG network (Long-term Energy
and Growth). This came together in 2003 with the aim of providing standardized and …

Deep electrification powered by renewable sources has emerged as a pivotal strategy for
achieving ambitious CO 2 emission reduction targets. However, the true impact of …

Using an extended Kaya decomposition, we identify the drivers of long-run CO 2 emissions
since 1800 for Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden …

Previous research suggests that there is an inverted U-shape curve for energy intensity in
the long-run for Western Europe with a peak in the early 20th century. This paper tests the …

A service transition is supposed to lead to the decline of energy intensity (energy/GDP). We
argue that this interpretation is overly optimistic because the shift to a service economy is …

This book analyses, in an international comparative context, Portugals energy transition from
organic sources to fossil fuels in the period 1856-2006. It investigates the role that energy …

The article deals with the historical transition from coal to oil and natural gas, commonly
referred to as hydrocarbons. This transition occurred throughout the industrialized world …

This article examines the case of D enmark—a country which historically had next to no
domestic energy resources—for which new historical energy accounts are presented for the …

Throughout most of the world and most of history, firewood has been the main source of
energy used by humanity (Smil, 1994). Only since the 17th Century in England, over the …

This article examines the energy transition in the iron industry and studies the consequence
of this switch to coal-fueling technology upon forests: what happens to long-lived energy …