Suppression of the immune system has been constantly reported in the last years as a
classical side effect of opioid drugs. Most of the studies on the immunological properties of …

Illicit drug users continue to be a group at high risk for tuberculosis (TB). Here, we present an
updated review of the relationship between TB and illicit drug use, and we summarize more …

Abstract The US HIV/AIDS epidemic has evolved over the past 30 years and is now
concentrated in socially marginalized and disenfranchised communities. The health …

Elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an indicator of microbial translocation from the
gut, is a likely cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. LPS induces …

ABSTRACT HIV continues to be a global health crisis with more than 34 million people
infected worldwide (UNAIDS: Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2010, Geneva, World …

Neuronal damage is a hallmark feature of HIV-associated neurological disorders (HANDs).
Opiate drug abuse accelerates the incidence and progression of HAND; however, the …

Background: Longitudinal associations between patterns of crack cocaine use and
progression of HIV-1 disease are poorly understood, especially among women. This study …

HIV associated neurocognitive disorders and their histopathological correlates largely
depend on the continuous seeding of the central nervous system with immune activated …

Club drug use is common among populations with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and
populations at high risk for HIV infection. Club drugs have a myriad of acute and chronic …

Background: In the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), depression and substance use predict
hastened HIV disease progression, but the underlying biological or behavioral mechanisms …