Nanoarchitectonics approaches can produce functional materials from tiny units through
combination of various processes including atom/molecular manipulation, chemical …

This review provides an overview of recent developments in “chemical virology.” Viruses, as
materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and …

Layer-by-layer (LbL) was first introduced as a surface modification technique based on the
sequential spontaneous adsorption of at least two distinct materials onto planar substrates …

Within the materials science community, proteins with cage-like architectures are being
developed as versatile nanoscale platforms for use in protein nanotechnology. Much effort …

Conspectus When viewed through the lens of materials science, nature provides a vast
library of hierarchically organized structures that serve as inspiration and raw materials for …

The use of plants for the production of virus‐like nanoparticles (VNPs) dates back to
separating natural empty capsids of plant viruses from whole virions nearly 70 years ago …

Protein cages are hollow protein nanoparticles, such as viral capsids, virus-like particles,
ferritin, heat-shock proteins and chaperonins. They have well-defined capsule-like structures …

Members of the ferritin superfamily are multi-subunit cage-like proteins with a hollow interior
cavity. These proteins possess three distinct surfaces, ie interior and exterior surfaces of the …

In recent years, plant virus capsids, the protein shells that form the surface of a typical plant
virus particle, have emerged as useful biotemplates for material synthesis. All virus capsids …

Nature offers a vast array of biological building blocks that can be combined with synthetic
materials to generate a variety of hierarchical architectures. Viruses are particularly …