Degeneration of neuron and axons following injury to cells with which they synapse is
termed trans-synaptic degeneration. This phenomenon may be seen in postsynaptic …

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a serious complication of craniofacial trauma, which
damages the optic nerve indirectly and leads to dysfunction of visual acuity. The clinical …

Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) and Fluorogold (FG) are two widely utilized retrograde tracers
to assess the number and function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, the relative …

Traumatic brain injury disrupts the complex anatomy of the afferent and efferent visual
pathways. Injury to the afferent pathway can result in vision loss, visual field deficits, and …

Background: Optic tract dysfunction may be the predominant or only clinical manifestation of
an intracranial disorder including mass legion, ischemic infarct, inflammatory disease, and …

Hemianopia after traumatic brain injury is not infrequent and results from retro-chiasmatic
lesions. Differentiating optic pathway lesions can be challenging with classic imaging …

A 43-year-old man noted decreased vision after head trauma, with normal neuroimaging
acutely. He had a left homonymous hemianopia, confirmed with hemifield visual evoked …

Non-organic vision loss (NOVL) or functional vision loss (FVL) is abnormal vision or visual
fields without an organic pathology. NOVL is an important cause of visual loss presenting in …