Consensus algorithms are applied in the context of distributed computer systems to improve
their fault tolerance. The explosive development of distributed ledger technology following …

Blockchain has the potential to change business transactions to a major extent. Thereby,
underlying consensus algorithms are the core mechanism to achieve consistency in …

Double-spending is a potential flaw in cryptocurrencies. In recent years, double-spend
attacks have caused severe economic damage to many Bitcoin consumers, thus double …

Machine learning is an essential technology providing ubiquitous intelligence in Internet of
Things (IoT). However, the model training in machine learning demands tremendous …

In terms of security, blockchain technology faces the potential risks of enormous attacks,
among which forking attack is the most common one. Because of the decentralized structure …

Reinforcement learning has been adopted to improve the efficiency of vehicular lane
changing (LC) decisions. However, since the local vehicular data needs to be uploaded to …

Blockchain technology has attracted a lot of research interest in the last few years. Originally,
their consensus algorithm was Hashcash, which is an instance of the so-called Proof-of …

This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of blockchain consensus
mechanisms, an essential protocols that maintain the integrity, reliability, and …

This thesis is situated in the context of three tendencies that are currently traversing digital
money: first, an increase in the internal complexity, scalar reach, and material and energetic …

Using blockchain technology to build a trusted transaction foundation has become a hot
topic of current research and practice. The double-spending phenomenon refers to the …