Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are important
members of the voltage-gated pore loop channels family. They show unique features: they …

Hyperpolarization‐activated and cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels were first reported
in heart cells and are recently known to be involved in a variety of neural functions in healthy …

Key points• Perception of normal bodily sensations relies on the precise regulation of
sensory information entering the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.• Inhibitory, axoaxonic …

Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …

The axon initial segment (AIS) serves as the site of action potential initiation in most
neurons, but difficulties in isolating the effects of voltage-gated ion channels in the AIS from …

Some neurons in the mammalian auditory system are able to detect and report the
coincident firing of inputs with remarkable temporal precision. A strong, low‐voltage …

Sound localization critically depends on detection of differences in arrival time of sounds at
the two ears (acoustic delay). The fundamental mechanisms are debated, but all proposals …

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) detect microsecond differences in the arrival
time of sounds between the ears (interaural time differences or ITDs), a crucial binaural cue …

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) enable sound localization by their remarkable
sensitivity to submillisecond interaural time differences (ITDs). Each MSO neuron has its …

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) and lateral superior olive (LSO) of the auditory
brainstem code for sound-source location in the horizontal plane, extracting interaural time …