The configuration and performance of a new global atmosphere and land model for climate
research developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are presented …

The ability of the climate models submitted to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5
(CMIP5) database to simulate the Northern Hemisphere winter climate following a large …

Observations show that strong equatorial volcanic eruptions have been followed by a
pronounced positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) for one or two Northern Hemisphere …

We define the radiative forcings used in climate simulations with the SI2000 version of the
Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) global climate model. These include temporal …

We describe the historical evolution of the conceptualization, formulation, quantification,
application, and utilization of “radiative forcing”(RF) of Earth's climate. Basic theories of …

Stratospheric sulfate aerosol particles from strong volcanic eruptions produce significant
transient cooling of the troposphere and warming of the lower stratosphere. The radiative …

Strong volcanic eruptions can inject large amounts of SO2 into the lower stratosphere, which
over time, are converted into sulfate aerosols and have the potential to impact climate …

More accurate forecasts of climate conditions over time periods of weeks to a few years
could help people plan agricultural activities, mitigate drought, and manage energy …

Changes in climate are driven by natural and human-induced perturbations of the Earth's
energy balance. These climate drivers or" forcings" include variations in greenhouse gases …

Interactions of meteorology with wildfires in British Columbia, Canada, during August 2017
led to three major pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events that resulted in the injection of large …