Sporadic E (Es) and related processes are reviewed as functions of viewing system, latitude
and altitude. We find that the “windshear theory”—perhaps with a small added external …

An integrated treatment of observations and models of the undisturbed equatorial electrojet
is presented. Previous reviews have concentrated on particular aspects of the electrojet …

The equations and boundary conditions governing tidal oscillations in a viscous, rotating,
spherical atmosphere from the surface to 400 km are formulated, including model …

Composition and temperature data from satellite measurements and from radar backscatter
observations show that dynamics is a major key in our understanding of the upper …

Advances in the theory of atmospheric tides since the monograph by Chapman and Lindzen
(1970) are comprehensively reviewed. Major developments include investigations of the …

We examine the potential of the MST (mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere) radar
technique for obtaining detailed information on the middle atmosphere. This technique …

The vertical motion of ionospheric sporadic layers in the 80‐to 140‐km altitude region is
examined by using a numerical solution for ion trajectories in a wind system composed of …

The National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere‐ionosphere general
circulation model (TIGCM) is utilized to evaluate the role of upward propagating diurnal and …

Powerful VHF radars are capable of almost continuously monitoring the threedimensional
velocity vector and the distribution of turbulence in the middle atmosphere, ie the …

The propagation characteristics of the first symmetric or (1, 1) tidal mode are investigated
numerically for a background atmosphere characterized by mean winds, meridional …