Studies show that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has an important impact on health in
general. In response to environmental demands, homeostatic processes are often …

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex, a
neural circuit through which the CNS can modulate peripheral immune responses. Signals …

The ability of the nervous system to sense environmental stimuli and to relay these signals to
immune cells via neurotransmitters and neuropeptides is indispensable for effective …

Although the gastrointestinal tract contains intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant
degree of independent control over gastrointestinal functions, the central nervous system …

Previous anti-inflammatory strategies against sepsis, a leading cause of death in hospitals,
had limited efficacy in clinical trials, in part because they targeted single cytokines and the …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the immune system are deeply interrelated. The
ANS regulates both innate and adaptive immunity through the sympathetic and …

Inflammatory cytokines produced by muscularis macrophages largely contribute to the
pathological signs of postoperative ileus (POI). Electroacupuncture (EA) can suppress …

The nervous system and immune system have broad and overlapping distributions in the
body, and interactions of these ubiquitous systems are central to the field of …

The interplay between the immune and nervous systems has been acknowledged in the
past, but only more recent studies have started to unravel the cellular and molecular players …

From a critical review of the evidence on the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and its
mode of action, the following conclusions were reached.(1) Both local and systemic …