Human activities and climate change threaten coldwater organisms in freshwater
ecosystems by causing rivers and streams to warm, increasing the intensity and frequency of …

Wildfires in many western North American forests are becoming more frequent, larger, and
severe, with changed seasonal patterns. In response, coniferous forest ecosystems will …

Thermal regimes in rivers and streams are fundamentally important to aquatic ecosystems
and are expected to change in response to climate forcing as the Earth's temperature …

Broad-scale studies of climate change effects on freshwater species have focused mainly on
temperature, ignoring critical drivers such as flow regime and biotic interactions. We use …

Large rivers constitute small portions of drainage networks but provide important migratory
habitats and fisheries for salmon and trout when and where temperatures are sufficiently …

Determining which factors are most effective for mitigative strategies in conservation
management can be difficult for species with complex life cycles. Salmon (Oncorhynchus …

Worldwide, lack of data on stream temperature has motivated the use of regression-based
statistical models to predict stream temperatures based on more widely available data on air …

Rising river temperatures in western North America have increased the energetic costs of
migration and the risk of premature mortality in many Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) …

Beaver are an integral component of hydrologic, geomorphic, and biotic processes within
North American stream systems, and their propensity to build dams alters stream and …

Water temperatures fluctuate in time and space, creating diverse thermal regimes on river
networks. Temporal variability in these thermal landscapes has important biological and …