The use of evidence from clinical trials to support decisions for individual patients is a form of
“reference class forecasting”: implicit predictions for an individual are made on the basis of …

Flexibility in the design, analysis and interpretation of scientific studies creates a multiplicity
of possible research outcomes. Scientists are granted considerable latitude to selectively …

Preventive approaches have latterly gained traction for improving mental health in young
people. In this paper, we first appraise the conceptual foundations of preventive psychiatry …

BACKGROUND: Most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs
examine effect modification (also called a subgroup effect or interaction), in which the effect …

Background: The ATTRACT trial (Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal with
Adjunctive Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis) previously reported that pharmacomechanical …

The PATH (Predictive Approaches to Treatment effect Heterogeneity) Statement was
developed to promote the conduct of, and provide guidance for, predictive analyses of …

Precision medicine research often searches for treatment‐covariate interactions, which
refers to when a treatment effect (eg, measured as a mean difference, odds ratio, hazard …

Rapid advances in technology and data science have the potential to improve the precision
of preventive and therapeutic interventions, and enable the right treatment to be …

Important breakthroughs in medical treatments have improved outcomes for patients
suffering from several types of cancer. However, many oncological treatments approved by …

Despite the known heterogeneity of type 2 diabetes and variable response to glucose
lowering medications, current evidence on optimal treatment is predominantly based on …