Prokaryotic organisms are threatened by a large array of viruses and have developed
numerous defence strategies. Among these, only clustered, regularly interspaced short …

Many bacteria and archaea have the unique ability to heritably alter their genomes by
incorporating small fragments of foreign DNA, called spacers, into CRISPR loci. Once …

DNA is an excellent medium for archiving data. Recent efforts have illustrated the potential
for information storage in DNA using synthesized oligonucleotides assembled in vitro,,,,,. A …

This year marks the tenth anniversary of the identification of the biological function of
CRISPR–Cas as adaptive immune systems in bacteria. In just a decade, the characterization …

CRISPR–Cas systems provide prokaryotes with adaptive immune functions against viruses
and other genetic parasites. In contrast to all other types of CRISPR–Cas systems, type IV …

Effective clearance of an infection requires that the immune system rapidly detects and
neutralizes invading parasites while strictly avoiding self-antigens that would result in …

Highlights•CRISPR–Cas systems provide adaptive immunity against viruses in bacteria and
archaea.•Small-interfering RNAs guide nucleases for specific cleavage of complementary …

Some phages encode anti-CRISPR (acr) genes, which antagonize bacterial CRISPR-Cas
immune systems by binding components of its machinery, but it is less clear how …

Bacteria have a range of distinct immune strategies that provide protection against
bacteriophage (phage) infections. While much has been learned about the mechanism of …

Phage and their bacterial hosts are the most abundant and genetically diverse group of
organisms on the planet. Given their dominance, it is no wonder that many recent studies …