Abstract Changes in ocean heat content (OHC) provide a measure of ocean warming, with
impacts on the Earth system. This Review synthesizes estimates of past and future OHC …

Abstract The Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) is a coherent circulation feature that rings the
Antarctic continental shelf and regulates the flow of water toward the Antarctic coastline. The …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Fully coupled climate models have long shown a wide range of Antarctic sea ice states and
evolution over the satellite era. Here, we present a high‐level evaluation of Antarctic sea ice …

The circulation of the Southern Ocean connects ocean basins, links the deep and shallow
layers of the ocean, and has a strong influence on global ocean circulation, climate …

Abstract The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern
Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global …

Abstract The subpolar Southern Ocean is a critical region where CO2 outgassing influences
the global mean air-sea CO2 flux (FCO2). However, the processes controlling the …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Poleward transport of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) has been linked to melting of
Antarctic ice shelves. However, even the steady-state spatial distribution and mechanisms of …

The ocean attenuates global warming by taking up about one quarter of global
anthropogenic carbon emissions. Around 40% of this carbon sink is located in the Southern …