Anthropogenic effects on the space environment started in the late 19th century and reached
their peak in the 1960s when high-altitude nuclear explosions were carried out by the USA …

We have analyzed a brief period of same‐day observations of the Martian ionosphere using
data obtained in December 2004 from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Express …

A dense array of global positioning system (GPS) receivers is a useful tool to study
ionospheric disturbances. Here we report observations by a Japanese GPS array of …

On-orbit firings of both liquid and solid rocket motors provide localized disturbances to the
plasma in the upper atmosphere. Large amounts of energy are deposited to ionosphere in …

Enhancements in the backscatter from the 430‐MHz radar at Arecibo were recorded during
the Spacelab 2 mission when the space shuttle orbital maneuver system (OMS) engines …

Enhanced echoes from the 430 MHz radar at Arecibo were observed during burns of the
space shuttle orbital maneuver subsystem (OMS) engines near 317 km altitude. Similar …

When the space shuttle orbiting maneuver subsystem (OMS) engines burn in the
ionosphere, a plasma density depression, or “hole,” is produced. Charge exchange between …

We have developed a four‐dimensional variation data assimilation technique (4D‐var) and
utilized it to reconstruct three‐dimensional images of the ionospheric hole created during …

The daytime midlatitude plasma depletions (DMLPDs) observed on 22 May 2014 and 20
May 2015 by the Swarm constellation are not explained by any known natural phenomena …

This paper describes the results obtained with the incoherent scatter radar at Arecibo. The
nighttime Arecibo burn which occurred in the radar beam produced several new effects not …