[HTML][HTML] Exposure status of sea-dumped chemical warfare agents in the Baltic Sea

P Vanninen, A Östin, J Bełdowski, EA Pedersen… - Marine environmental …, 2020 - Elsevier
About 50 000 tons of chemical weapons (CW) were dumped to the Baltic Sea after the
Second World War. Munitions are located in the deep areas of the Baltic Sea, and there they …

[HTML][HTML] Exposure to dissolved TNT causes multilevel biological effects in Baltic mussels (Mytilus spp.)

R Schuster, JS Strehse, A Ahvo, R Turja… - Marine Environmental …, 2021 - Elsevier
Baltic mussels (Mytilus spp.) were exposed to the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) for 96 h
(0.31–10.0 mg/L) and 21 d (0.31–2.5 mg/L). Bioaccumulation of TNT and its degradation …

The impact of military activities on the concentration of mercury in soils of military training grounds and marine sediments

K Gębka, J Bełdowski, M Bełdowska - Environmental Science and …, 2016 - Springer
Military activities have been conducted on land and at sea. Both during conflicts and in
peace time, some regions served as a military training ground which included firing …

Detection of chemical warfare agent related phenylarsenic compounds and multibiomarker responses in cod (Gadus morhua) from munition dumpsites

H Niemikoski, K Straumer, A Ahvo, R Turja… - Marine environmental …, 2020 - Elsevier
Recently, sea-dumped chemical weapons (CWs) containing toxic chemical warfare agents
(CWAs) have raised international attention. It is well known that CWAs are leaking from …

Biological effects of dumped chemical weapons in the Baltic Sea: a multi-biomarker study using caged mussels at the Bornholm main dumping site

A Lastumäki, R Turja, M Brenner, P Vanninen… - Marine Environmental …, 2020 - Elsevier
Abstract After World War II, thousands of tons of highly toxic chemical warfare agents (CWA)
were deposited in the Baltic Sea, the main dumping site locating in the Bornholm Basin. In …

Identification of degradation products of sea-dumped chemical warfare agent-related phenylarsenic chemicals in marine sediment

H Niemikoski, M Söderström, H Kiljunen… - Analytical …, 2020 - ACS Publications
Previously unknown phenylarsenic chemicals that originated from chemical warfare agents
(CWAs) have been detected and identified in sediment samples collected from the vicinity of …

Metabolism and cytotoxicity of diphenylarsinic acid, a degradation product of sea-dumped chemical warfare agents, in a rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1

H Niemikoski, KK Lehtonen, A Ahvo, I Heiskanen… - Aquatic Toxicology, 2021 - Elsevier
Recent studies have found primary degradation products of phenylarsenic chemical warfare
agents (CWAs) accumulating in fish tissues, while the potential effects of these dumped …

The use of Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) as a bioindicator species for studies on effects of dumped chemical warfare agents in the Skagerrak. 2. Biochemical …

A Ahvo, KK Lehtonen, A Lastumäki, K Straumer… - Marine Environmental …, 2020 - Elsevier
The sea bottom of the Skagerrak Strait (North Sea) contains munitions loaded with chemical
warfare agents (CWA), mostly stored in shipwrecks scuttled intentionally after the end of the …

Metagenomic Analysis of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Gadus morhua callarias L. Originating from a Chemical Munition Dump Site

W Wilczynski, M Radlinska, K Wysujack, M Czub… - Toxics, 2022 - mdpi.com
Several hundred thousand tonnes of munitions containing chemical warfare agents (CWAs)
are lying on the seafloor worldwide. CWAs have started leaking from corroded munitions …

Analysis of towed camera images to determine the effects of disposed mustard-filled bombs on the deep water benthic community off south Oahu

C Kelley, G Carton, M Tomlinson, A Gleason - Deep Sea Research Part II …, 2016 - Elsevier
Still images from a towed camera sled were used to evaluate the potential ecological effects
of M47A2 mustard-filled (1, 1′-thiobis [2-chloroethane]) bombs disposed of in over 500 m of …