Stressors ranging from psychogenic/social to neurogenic/injury to systemic/microbial can
impact microglial inflammatory processes, but less is known regarding their effects on …

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation that
finally lead to slow neuronal degeneration and death. Although neurons are the principal …

Background Excessive microglial activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various age-
related neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to neurons, brain-derived neurotrophic …

The latest research indicates that modulating microglial polarization from M1 to M2
phenotype may be a coping therapy for ischemic stroke. The present study thereby …

The type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGlu5, has been proposed as a potential
therapeutic target for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases. In preclinical …

Proinflammatory markers were found in brains of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. After
years of L-Dopa symptomatic treatment, most PD patients develop dyskinesias. The …

Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain exerts its effects via both
ionotropic glutamate receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). There are …

Highlights•mGlu receptors are found in lymphocytes and microglia, and modulate
neuroinflammation.•Some kynurenine metabolites target mGlu receptors inside and outside …

Cerebral ischemia injury is common in cerebral ischemic disease, and treatment options
remain limited. Krueppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is reported to negatively regulate inflammation …

In ischemic stroke, there is only one approved drug, tissue plasminogen activator, to be used
in clinical conditions for thrombolysis. New neuroprotective therapies for ischemic stroke are …