Purpose In the current study, the authors attempt to thoroughly investigate the concept of
beauty from different perspectives in different historical periods and offer their personal …

Breast surgery has long been viewed as an art more than a science. However, defining and
objectively measuring the ideal breast morphology and aesthetic proportions are …

Background There are many methods of measuring the breast and their clinical applications
are well described in the literature. However, there has been no attempt to compare these …

Background: Our understanding of breast shape and size changes after surgery is limited by
a lack of measurement studies that evaluate and compare changes in breast dimensions …

Background: Breast augmentation is one of the most commonly performed operations. Three-
dimensional outcome simulation can be used to predict and demonstrate for the patient what …

Background: Because of its subjective character, the term “breast attractiveness” is poorly
defined and thus its reliable standardized assessment can be particularly challenging …

Background Single-stage augmentation mastopexy (SAM) is a common procedure, but
revision rates are high. Muscle slings have been used in SAM, but despite satisfactory …

Background: The ptotic breast is surgically rejuvenated through a mastopexy procedure.
Recurrent ptosis or other negative changes to the breast shape are not uncommon following …

One major objective of all types of breast reduction procedures is to achieve a long-lasting,
stable and aesthetically pleasing three-dimensional (3-D) breast shape, but current surgical …

Background: Defining an ideal breast shape is one of the most fundamental and essential
parts for a breast surgery. To propose a set of criteria for determining an ideal breast shape …