Characterizing the atmospheres of extrasolar planets is the new frontier in exoplanetary
science. The last two decades of exoplanet discoveries have revealed that exoplanets are …

Geological evidence indicates that grounded ice sheets reached sea level at all latitudes
during two long-lived Cryogenian (58 and≥ 5 My) glaciations. Combined uranium-lead and …

Abstract The Neoproterozoic Cryogenian ('Marinoan') Ghaub Formation of northwestern
Namibia represents an important founding pillar of the Snowball Earth hypothesis and its …

We propose that the first Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth event, the Sturtian glaciation, was
initiated by the injection of sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere. Geochronological data …

Evidence from ancient sediments indicates that liquid water and primitive life were present
during the Archean despite the faint young Sun. To date, studies of Archean climate typically …

The" liquid water habitable zone"(HZ) concept is predicated on the ability of the silicate
weathering feedback to stabilize climate across a wide range of instellations. However …

Geological evidence of active tropical glaciers reaching sea level during the Neoproterozoic
(1,000–541 Ma), suggesting a global ocean completely covered in ice, was the key …

The first step in exploring the properties of dynamical systems like the Earth climate is to
identify the different phase space regions where the trajectories asymptotically evolve …

Abstract Ongoing controversy about Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth events motivates a
theoretical study of stability and hysteresis properties of very cold climates. A coupled …

The Initiation of Modern “Soft Snowball” and “Hard Snowball” Climates in CCSM3. Part I: The
Influences of Solar Luminosity, CO2 Concentration, and the Sea Ice/Snow Albedo …