Background Ecological processes such as seedling establishment, biotic interactions, and
mortality can leave footprints on species spatial structure that can be detectable through …

This review describes key regeneration characteristics of the genus Fagus as represented
by its four most prominent species: F. crenata (Fc), F. grandifolia (Fg), F. orientalis (Fo) and …

In Europe, two commercially important treelike birch species occur naturally: silver birch
(Betula pendula Roth) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.). Both species have a wide …

Large-scale decline in populations of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) are occurring
throughout Europe due to the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. This has grave …

We examined the influence of small-scale gap disturbances on stand development and tree
species coexistence in an old-growth Fagus sylvatica–Abies alba forest in the Dinaric …

Tilia cordata Mill. is a minor European broadleaved species with a wide but scattered
distribution. Given its scarcity and low value in the wood market, it has received little …

Tree mortality as a crucial element of natural forest dynamics is still a poorly understood
process. Abrupt growth decreases are known to occur several years or decades before …

Ash dieback caused by the invasive alien fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus often
has devastating consequences for the survival, growth and wood quality of Fraxinus …

Abstract Dynamic Vegetation Models (DVM s) are designed to be suitable for simulating
forest succession and species range dynamics under current and future conditions based on …

Initial growing space is of critical importance to growth and quality development of individual
trees. We investigated how mortality, growth (diameter at breast height, total height), natural …