The extracellular regulated kinase/microtubule-associated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK)
signalling pathway transduces signals that cause an alteration in the ongoing metabolic …

Directing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into motor neurons has allowed
investigators to develop new models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However …

Idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heterogeneous, and it remains unclear
how convergent biological processes in affected individuals may give rise to symptoms …

Directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has seen significant
progress in recent years. However, most differentiated populations exhibit immature …

Here, we demonstrate self-organized formation of apico-basally polarized cortical tissues
from ESCs using an efficient three-dimensional aggregation culture (SFEBq culture). The …

In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms
underlying the specification of projection neurons within the mammalian neocortex. New …

Within the vertebrate nervous system, the presence of many different lineages of neurons
and glia complicates the molecular characterization of single neuronal populations. In order …

Here we describe mechanisms regulating area patterning of developing mammalian
neocortex, referred to as arealization. Current findings indicate an interplay between intrinsic …

The mammalian telencephalon is considered the most complex of all biological structures. It
comprises a large number of functionally and morphologically distinct types of neurons that …

Adult neurogenesis in mammals is restricted to two small regions, including the olfactory
bulb, where GABAergic and dopaminergic interneurons are newly generated throughout the …