Liposomes are the first nano drug delivery systems that have been successfully translated
into real-time clinical applications. These closed bilayer phospholipid vesicles have …

The authors provide a comprehensive summary of all randomized, controlled trials (n= 76)
involving the clinical administration of liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel; Pacira …

Many attempts have been made to increase the duration of local anesthetic action. One
avenue of investigation has focused on encapsulating local anesthetics within carrier …

Long-acting injectable (LAIs) delivery systems sustain the drug therapeutic action in the
body, resulting in reduced dosage regimen, toxicity, and improved patient compliance. Lipid …

In recent years, a paradigm shift from traditional perioperative care models to the “Enhanced
Recovery Pathway (ERP)” or “Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)” has taken place …

Effective control of pain management has the potential to significantly decrease the need for
prescription opioids following a surgical procedure. While extended release products for …

Over the past several decades, liposomes have been extensively developed and used for
various clinical applications such as in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and dietetic fields, due to …

Liposomal formulations have been developed to improve the therapeutic index of
encapsulated drugs by altering the balance of on-and off-targeted distribution. The improved …

Background Optimal pain control continues to be a concern in cardiac surgery. Current
strategies for postoperative pain management often yield suboptimal results. The superiority …

There has been increasing interest and rapid developments in precision medicine, which is
a new medical concept and model based on individualized medicine with the joint …