Water is a critical resource, but ensuring its availability faces challenges from climate
extremes and human intervention. In this Review, we evaluate the current and historical …

Understanding dryland dynamics is essential to predict future climate trajectories. However,
there remains large uncertainty on the extent to which drylands are expanding or greening …

Groundwater (GW) overexploitation is a critical issue in North China with large GW level
declines resulting in urban water scarcity, unsustainable agricultural production, and …

Groundwater resources are vital to ecosystems and livelihoods. Excessive groundwater
withdrawals can cause groundwater levels to decline,,,,,,,,–, resulting in seawater intrusion …

Groundwater provides critical freshwater supply, particularly in dry regions where surface
water availability is limited. Climate change impacts on GWS (groundwater storage) could …

Using publicly-available average monthly groundwater level data in 478 sub-basins and 30
basins in Iran, we quantify country-wide groundwater depletion in Iran. Natural and …

Water scarcity is a global challenge, yet existing responses are failing to cope with current
shocks and stressors, including those attributable to climate change. In sub-Saharan Africa …

Groundwater is by far the largest unfrozen freshwater resource on the planet. It plays a
critical role as the bottom of the hydrologic cycle, redistributing water in the subsurface and …

Global land water underpins livelihoods, socioeconomic development, and ecosystems. It
remains unclear how water availability has changed in recent decades. Using an ensemble …

Groundwater is a crucial resource for current and future generations, but it is not being
sustainably used in many parts of the world. The objective of this review is to provide a clear …