In vivo two-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) is a technique used for recording neuronal
activity in the intact brain. It is based on the principle that, when neurons fire action …

Neurons have diverse molecular, morphological, connectional and functional properties. We
believe that the only realistic way to manage this complexity—and thereby pave the way for …

A fundamental challenge in fluorescence microscopy is the photon shot noise arising from
the inevitable stochasticity of photon detection. Noise increases measurement uncertainty …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …

Metasurface is a recently developed nanophotonics concept to manipulate the properties of
light by replacing conventional bulky optical components with ultrathin (more than 104 times …

Tremendous progress has been made since Neuron published our Primer on genetic
dissection of neural circuits 10 years ago. Since then, cell-type-specific anatomical …

Since the introduction of calcium imaging to monitor neuronal activity with single-cell
resolution, optical imaging methods have revolutionized neuroscience by enabling …

A detailed understanding of the function of neural networks and how they are supported by a
dynamic vascular system requires fast three-dimensional imaging in thick tissues. Here we …

Calcium imaging has transformed neuroscience research by providing a methodology for
monitoring the activity of neural circuits with single-cell resolution. However, calcium …

Understanding information processing in the brain requires monitoring neuronal activity at
high spatiotemporal resolution. Using an ultrafast two-photon fluorescence microscope …