Plants live in association with diverse microorganisms, collectively called the microbiome.
These microbes live either inside (endosphere) or outside (episphere) of plant tissues …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in pathogen-plant interactions: recognition
of a pathogen by the plant rapidly triggers the oxidative burst, which is necessary for further …

Plant-associated microorganisms have been shown to critically affect host physiology and
performance, suggesting that evolution and ecology of plants and animals can only be …

Network models of soil and plant microbiomes provide new opportunities for enhancing
disease management, but also challenges for interpretation. We present a framework for …

Rust fungi (Pucciniales) are the largest group of plant pathogens and represent one of the
most devastating threats to agricultural crops worldwide. Despite the economic importance …

Although the presence of mannitol in organisms as diverse as plants and fungi clearly
suggests that this compound has important roles, our understanding of fungal mannitol …

Rust fungi, obligate biotrophs that cause disease and yield losses in crops such as cereals
and soybean (Glycine max), obtain nutrients from the host through haustoria, which are …

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the consumption of molecular oxygen
during host–pathogen interactions is termed the oxidative burst. The most important ROS …

Plant pathogens can be divided into biotrophs and necrotrophs according to their different
life styles; biotrophs prefer living, while necrotrophs prefer dead cells for nutritional …

Numerous plants and fungi produce mannitol, which may serve as an osmolyte or metabolic
store; furthermore, mannitol also acts as a powerful quencher of reactive oxygen species …