Repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) paradigms have been used to induce lasting
changes in brain activity and excitability. Previous methods of stimulation were long, often …

Objective To review and discuss the literature on the role of cortical structure and function in
migraine. Discussion Structural and functional findings suggest that changes in cortical …

Closed-loop neuroscience is receiving increasing attention with recent technological
advances that enable complex feedback loops to be implemented with millisecond …

Abstract Background The Perturbational Complexity Index (PCI) was recently introduced to
assess the capacity of thalamocortical circuits to engage in complex patterns of causal …

Noninvasive brain stimulation and neuroimaging have revolutionized human neuroscience
with a multitude of applications, including diagnostic subtyping, treatment optimization, and …

The human brain is a complex network in which hundreds of brain regions are
interconnected via thousands of axonal pathways. The capability of such a complex system …

In recent years, various techniques have been adopted to study brain functions in vivo. In
this context, the combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation with …

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can modulate brain oscillations, cortical
excitability and behaviour. In aging, the decrease in EEG alpha activity (8–12 Hz) in the …

Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric disorder typically
commencing in childhood and characterized by motor and phonic tics. Its pathophysiology is …

The artifact problem in TMS-evoked EEG is analyzed in an attempt to clarify the nature of the
problem and to present solutions. The best way to deal with artifacts is to avoid them; the …