Granule cells (GCs) are the most numerous cell type in the cerebellum and indeed, in the
brain: at least 99% of all cerebellar neurons are granule cells. In this review article, we first …

The adult central nervous system (CNS) of the zebrafish, owing to its enrichment in
constitutive neurogenic niches, is becoming an increasingly used model to address …

Background Significant progress has been made in cell replacement therapy for neural
retinal diseases using retinal cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells. Low …

Loss of photoreceptors due to retinal degeneration is a major cause of blindness in the
developed world. While no effective treatment is currently available, cell replacement …

The ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) is a circumferential ring of cells found at the extreme
periphery of the maturing and mature neural retina that consists of retinal stem and …

Cleft lip, which results from impaired facial process growth and fusion, is one of the most
common craniofacial birth defects. Many genes are known to be involved in the etiology of …

The primary cilium is a nonmotile microtubule‐based structure, which functions as an
antenna‐like cellular sensing organelle. The primary cilium is assembled from the basal …

A morphogen is a signaling molecule that induces specific cellular responses depending on
its local concentration. The concept of morphogenic gradients has been a central paradigm …

Clonal analysis is helping us understand the dynamics of cell replacement in homeostatic
adult tissues. Such an analysis, however, has not yet been achieved for continuously …

The crosstalk of multiple cellular signaling pathways is crucial in animal development and
tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation may result in tumor formation and metastasis. The …