Pesticide exposure, infectious disease, and nutritional stress contribute to honey bee
mortality and a high rate of colony loss. This realization has fueled a decades-long …

The beekeeper plays a key role in maintaining the health status of managed honey bee
colonies and ensuring their productivity. However, a clear overview on the main actions …

Background Honey bee colonies managed for agricultural pollination are highly dependent
on human inputs, especially for disease control and supplemental nutrition. Hives are …

Beekeepers attempt to manage their honey bee colonies in ways that optimize colony
health. Disentangling the impact of management from other variables affecting colony health …

In honey bees (Apis mellifera), there is growing evidence that the impacts of multiple
stressors can be mitigated by quality nutrition. Pollen, which is the primary source of protein …

Pollen is the primary source of dietary protein for honey bees. It also includes complex
polysaccharides in its outer coat, which are largely indigestible by bees but can be …

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are agriculturally important pollinators that have been recently
at risk to severe colony losses. A variety of parasites and pathogens have been linked to …

Western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) collect pollen from flowers as their source of protein,
fat, vitamins, and minerals. Beekeepers feed pollen substitutes to their honey bee colonies …

Demand for better control of certain parasites in managed western honey bees (Apis
mellifera L.) remains apparent amongst beekeepers in both Europe and North America, and …

Simple Summary In the present study, the effect of feeding with pollen sources with different
protein content on colony performance, wintering ability and in-vitro longevity of colonies …