The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the most threatening viral agents. This
virus infects approximately 33 million people, many of whom are unaware of their status …

Mathematical models have proven valuable in understanding the dynamics of HIV-1
infection in vivo. By comparing these models to data obtained from patients undergoing …

AS Perelson, DE Kirschner and R. De Boer (Math. Biosci. 114 (1993) 81) proposed an ODE
model of cell-free viral spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a well-mixed …

During primary HIV infection the viral load in plasma increases, reaches a peak, and then
declines. Phillips has suggested that the decline is due to a limitation in the number of cells …

Mathematical modeling combined with experimental measurements have yielded important
insights into HIV-1 pathogenesis. For example, data from experiments in which HIV-infected …

In this paper we formulate a mathematical model for malaria–cholera co-infection in order to
investigate their synergistic relationship in the presence of treatments. We first analyze the …

A typical HIV infection response consists of three stages: an initial acute infection, a long
asymptomatic period and a final increase in viral load with simultaneous collapse in healthy …

In this paper, we study the impact of optimal control on the treatment of HIV/AIDS and
screening of unaware infectives on the transmission dynamics of the disease in a …

In this paper, we present a general formulation for a fractional optimal control problem
(FOCP), in which the state and co-state equations are given in terms of the left fractional …

In this paper a fractional optimal control problem was formulated for the outbreak of COVID-
19 using a mathematical model with fractional order derivative in the Caputo sense. The …