Background In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR‐Allergic Rhinitis …

Allergic rhinitis (AR) represents a global health concern where it affects approximately 400
million people worldwide. The prevalence of AR has increased over the years along with …

The mucosal lining of the gut has co-evolved with a diverse microbiota over millions of
years, leading to the development of specialized mechanisms to actively limit the invasion of …

Allergic bronchial asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that is characterized by
symptoms like respiratory distress, chest tightness, wheezing, productive cough, and acute …

Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive
module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and …

abstract Bronchial asthma is characterized by persistent cough, increased sputum, and
repeated wheezing. The pathophysiology underlying these symptoms is the hyper …

Airway epithelial cells form a barrier to the outside world and are at the front line of mucosal
immunity. Epithelial apical junctional complexes are multiprotein subunits that promote cell …

Asthma is a T lymphocyte–controlled disease of the airway wall caused by inflammation,
overproduction of mucus and airway wall remodeling leading to bronchial hyperreactivity …

Air pollution and climate change are potential drivers for the increasing burden of allergic
diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which air pollutants and climate parameters may …

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by dry skin and a hyperactive
immune response to allergens, 2 cardinal features that are caused in part by epidermal …