Topical ocular drug bioavailability is notoriously poor, in the order of 5% or less. This is a
consequence of effective multiple barriers to drug entry, comprising nasolacrimal drainage …

Introduction: In vitro cell models have been used to predict drug permeation in early stages
of drug development, since they represent an easy and reproducible method, allowing the …

purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether budesonide inhibits
expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a retinal pigment epithelial cell …

Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated in the
development of vascular leakage and retinal neovascularization in diabetic subjects. The …

The aim of this work was to develop niosomes for the ocular delivery of epalrestat, a drug
that inhibits the polyol pathway and protects diabetic eyes from damage linked to sorbitol …

purpose. To determine whether celecoxib inhibits VEGF secretion from ARPE-19 cells and
to investigate further the safety and effectiveness of periocular celecoxib-poly (lactide-co …

We have previously reported that repeated oral doses of celecoxib, a selective
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, reduced diabetes-induced retinal vascular endothelial …

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and the
most severe of diabetic ocular complications. This review describes retinal changes at …

Aims/hypothesis Recently, various transgenic and knock-out mouse models have become
available for studying the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. At the same time, diabetes …

Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus ea diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and
retinopathy develop in at least 30-50% of patients with both Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and …