Validated biological and psychological markers of acute stress in humans are an important
tool in translational research. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), involving public interview …

Why do we get the stress-related diseases we do? Why do some people have flare ups of
autoimmune disease, whereas others suffer from melancholic depression during a stressful …

Corticosteroids play extremely important roles in fear and anxiety. The mechanisms by
which corticosteroids exert their effects on behavior are often indirect, because, although …

Rationale Prior reviews have examined how stress, broadly defined, interacts with genetic
diathesis in the pathogenesis of internalizing (ie, depressive and anxiety) disorders. Recent …

The existence of U-shaped dose dependencies has been known for a long time. With regard
to corticosteroid action in brain cells, a dual receptor system that works in opposing …

In normal life, organisms are repeatedly exposed to brief periods of stress, most of which can
be controlled and adequately dealt with. The presently available data indicate that such brief …

Among psychiatric disorders, depression and generalized anxiety are probably the most
common stress-related illnesses. These diseases are underlain, at least partly, by …

Among the brainstem raphe nuclei, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) contains the greatest
number of Pet1-lineage neurons, a predominantly serotonergic group distributed throughout …

The median (MR) and dorsal raphe (DR) nuclei contain the majority of the 5-
hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) neurons that project to limbic forebrain regions, are …

Forty-five years after its discovery, brain serotonin (5-HT) is still the subject of intense
research aimed at understanding its role in stress adaptation. At the presynaptic level …