Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function.
Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial …

Understanding how cortical activity generates sensory perceptions requires a detailed
dissection of the function of cortical layers. Despite our relatively extensive knowledge of …

We introduce a flexible method for high-resolution interrogation of circuit function, which
combines simultaneous 3D two-photon stimulation of multiple targeted neurons, volumetric …

Sensory systems transform the external world into time-varying spike trains. What features of
spiking activity are used to guide behavior? In the mouse olfactory bulb, inhalation of …

Neurophotonics was launched in 2014 coinciding with the launch of the BRAIN Initiative
focused on development of technologies for advancement of neuroscience. For the last …

The BRAIN Initiative arose from a grand challenge to “accelerate the development and
application of new technologies that will enable researchers to produce dynamic pictures of …

Three-photon wide-field depth-resolved excitation is used to overcome some of the
limitations in conventional point-scanning two-and three-photon microscopy. Excitation of …

Neurovascular coupling (NVC), or the adjustment of blood flow in response to local
increases in neuronal activity is a hallmark of healthy brain function, and the physiological …

Phase spatial light modulators (SLMs) are widely used for generating multifocal three-
dimensional (3D) illumination patterns, but these are limited to a field of view constrained by …

Conspectus Neurotechnology has seen dramatic improvements in the last three decades.
The major focus in the field has been to design electrical communication platforms with high …