Running, and aerobic exercise in general, is a physical activity that increasingly many
people engage in but that also has become popular as a topic for scientific research. Here …

All experiences change the brain, but not all experiences affect the brain equally. Because
the brain is developing and organizing at such an explosive rate in the first years of life …

Nichts fürchten wir so sehr wie unsere ureigenen Ängste. Und doch sind es gerade unsere
Ängste in all ihren Schattierungen, die unsere geistige und emotionale Entwicklung in …

Bidirectional associations between mood disorders and cardiovascular diseases are
extensively documented. However, the precise physiological and biochemical mechanisms …

There is considerable preclinical evidence for a relationship between noradrenergic brain
systems and behaviors associated with stress and anxiety. The majority of noradrenergic …

Experimental results on the involvement of brain monoamines in agonistic behaviour and
stress in fish are reviewed and discussed in relation to available data from other vertebrates …

Psychoactive substance use is a nearly universal human behavior, but a significant minority
of people who use addictive substances will go on to develop an addictive disorder …

Objective: The goal of this report is to develop a comprehensive model, which integrates
psychosocial and neurobiological aspects, for better understanding the link between chronic …

Abstract Investigation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), which functions as a modulator in the
CNS, across behavioral contexts suggests that a general principle of transmitter function …

Background: Cognitive performance often declines under chronic stress exposure. The
negative effect of chronic stress on performance may be mediated by reduced brain …