Xylazine is a strong α-2 adrenergic agonist medication that was initially developed for use in
veterinary medicine as an analgesic and sedative for animals. Its primary goal is to calm …

Simple Summary The castration of male goats is one of the most common livestock
management procedures to reduce aggression and sexual behavior by lowering …

Simple Summary Goats have been used as animal models in many studies, and therefore,
the need for safer anesthesia for research or surgical intervention is gaining much attention …

Background The intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) and intraventricular pressure
gradients (IVPG), estimated from color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) of the transmitral …

Alfaxan®(alfaxalone) is a steroid general anesthetic widely used in veterinary medicine for
induction and maintenance of anesthesia in several species. While the use of alfaxalone in …

Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is frequently used anesthetic protocol in animals when
inhalation anesthesia is not available. To date, it has not yet been known whether …

Simple Summary Goats have been used as animal models in research and are increasingly
kept as pets like dogs and cats. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is increasingly used in …

he African buffalo is one of the best-researched of all ungulate species even though it must
give way to some North American deer species, an elephant-seal species and the red deer …

Background The role of adenosine (AD) in neuromodulation of nociceptive signaling at the
level of the spinal cord has been established in both preclinical and clinical models …

The roles of experimental animals in orthopedic research is very crucial for the management
of bone defects. Given the various drawbacks of the vascularised periosteal graft …