We review the basic techniques and results of numerical codes used to model the
acceleration of charged particles at oblique, fast-mode, collisionless shocks. The emphasis …

Simultaneous observations of energetic ions (≳ 50 keV) and electrons (≳ 220 keV) by the
IMP‐7 and IMP‐8 spacecraft carrying identical instruments and located within the distant (∼ …

We consider 10 tests which distinguish the source of energetic particles in upstream ion
events. Some tests are definitive, and others inadequate. In particular, we note that the Fermi …

In this work we examine the statistical presence of some important features of upstream
energetic (≥ 50 keV) ion events under some special conditions in the upstream region and …

We examined magnetic field and energetic (E⩾ 30 keV) proton and (E⩾ 220 keV) electron
observations obtained by the spacecraft IMP-6, 7, and 8 in the vicinity of both the (quasi-) …

Prognoz 10 observed a series of energetic ion (E≥ 10 KeV) and electron (E≥ 30 KeV)
bursts whilst upstream of the dusk bow shock from 2000–2200 UT on June 7, 1985. The …

Simultaneous observations of energetic protons of solar origin by the IMP 7 and 8 spacecraft
in the vicinity of the dawn and dusk bow shock, respectively, are examined to determine the …

We present simultaneous energetic proton (E≥ 50 keV), alpha particle (E≥ 37 keV/n) and
electron (E≥ 220 keV) observations obtained by the spacecraft IMP 8 and IMP 7 for an …

We present the results of numerical orbit integrations of the interaction of suprathermal
charged particles (protons) with a planetary bow shock. The primary goal of this study is to …

The region near the Earth's bow shock provides a chance to test and compare various
charged particle acceleration models (magnetospheric versus bow shock acceleration …