Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Tethered and battery-powered devices that interface with neural tissues can restrict natural
motions and prevent social interactions in animal models, thereby limiting the utility of these …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable optical recording of electrical signals
in the brain, providing subthreshold sensitivity and temporal resolution not possible with …

A fundamental challenge in fluorescence microscopy is the photon shot noise arising from
the inevitable stochasticity of photon detection. Noise increases measurement uncertainty …

In vivo two-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) is a technique used for recording neuronal
activity in the intact brain. It is based on the principle that, when neurons fire action …

With the growing demand for next-generation health care, the integration of electronic
components into implantable medical devices (IMDs) has become a vital factor in achieving …

Two-photon microscopy has enabled high-resolution imaging of neuroactivity at depth within
scattering brain tissue. However, its various realizations have not overcome the tradeoffs …

A key assumption of optogenetics is that light only affects opsin-expressing neurons.
However, illumination invariably heats tissue, and many physiological processes are …

The majority of the brain's vasculature is composed of intricate capillary networks lined by
capillary pericytes. However, it remains unclear whether capillary pericytes influence blood …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …