Drug evaluation has always been an important area of research in the pharmaceutical
industry. However, animal welfare protection and other shortcomings of traditional drug …

The blood–brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial
cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous …

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices are highly versatile platforms that
enable miniaturization and advanced controlled laboratory functions (ie, microfluidics …

Neurological disorders are one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. The
complexity of the human brain and therefore the significant structural gap between animal …

The maintenance of body homeostasis relies heavily on physiological barriers. Dysfunction
of these barriers can lead to various pathological processes, including increased exposure …

The brain is arguably the most fascinating and complex organ in the human body.
Recreating the brain in vitro is an ambition restricted by our limited understanding of its …

With growing interest in neurological diseases, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
such as Alzheimer's disease is crucial. However, drug development for nervous system …

Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders
caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and familial factors. These diseases …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the most specialized biological barrier in the body. This
configuration of specialized cells protects the brain from invasion of molecules and particles …

The complexity of the human brain creates significant, almost insurmountable challenges for
neurological drug development. Advanced in vitro platforms are increasingly enabling …