Innate immune responses, particularly activation of macrophages and microglia, are
increasingly implicated in CNS disorders. It is now appreciated that the heterogeneity of …

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a major cause of disability worldwide. It involves a
complex neurometabolic cascade, including oxidative stress. The products of this …

Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders
such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to any insult to the brain resulting in primary (direct) and
secondary (indirect) damage to the brain parenchyma. Secondary damage is often linked to …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Neuroinflammation is prominent in the short and long-term consequences of neuronal …

Activated microglia and macrophages exert dual beneficial and detrimental roles after
central nervous system injury, which are thought to be due to their polarization along a …

The novel object recognition test (NOR) test is a two trial cognitive paradigm that assesses
recognition memory. Recognition memory is disturbed in a range of human disorders and …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces a variety of neuronal cell death pathways that
play a critical role in the pathophysiology of stroke. ER stress occurs when …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults
worldwide. TBI survival is associated with persistent neuropsychiatric and neurological …

Significant attention has recently been drawn to the potential link between head trauma and
the development of neurodegenerative disease, namely chronic traumatic encephalopathy …