Helminths stage a powerful infection that allows the parasite to damage host tissue through
migration and feeding while simultaneously evading the host immune system. This feat is …

Filarial nematodes secrete bioactive molecules which are of interest as potential mediators
for manipulating host biology, as they are readily available at the host-parasite interface. The …

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by filarial nematodes including
Brugia malayi. Over 860 million people worldwide are infected or at risk of infection in 72 …

Galectins are a family of evolutionarily conserved lectins that contain carbohydrate
recognition domains (CRDs) specifically recognizing β-galactoside. Galectin-9 plays a …

Introduction Live microfilariae (mf) and mf-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been
shown to modulate human antigen presenting cell (APC) function, most notably by …

Abstract The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) relies heavily on a
rapid diagnostic test (RDT) to a Wuchereria bancrofti circulating filarial antigen (Wb-CFA) to …

The immunomodulatory potential of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory
products (ES L1) has been well documented in vitro on dendritic cells (DCs) and in animal …

Background During the last two decades research on animal filarial parasites, especially
Onchocerca ochengi, infecting cattle in savanna areas of Africa revealed that O. ochengi as …

Filarial infections alter the immune environment through a variety of mechanisms including
shaping the T cell subset repertoire and by affecting the function of antigen presenting cells …