Redox homeostasis is a delicate balancing act of maintaining appropriate levels of
antioxidant defense mechanisms and reactive oxidizing oxygen and nitrogen species. Any …

In the human eye, a transparent cornea and lens combine to form the" refracton" to focus
images on the retina. This requires the refracton to have a high refractive index" n," mediated …

The protein homeostasis (proteostasis) system encompasses the cellular processes that
regulate protein synthesis, folding, concentration, trafficking and degradation. In the case of …

Cataracts are caused by high-molecular-weight aggregates of human eye lens proteins that
scatter light, causing lens opacity. Metal ions have emerged as important potential players in …

Aging is the greatest risk factor for chronic human diseases, including many eye diseases.
Geroscience aims to understand the effects of the aging process on these diseases …

The nuclear region of the lens is metabolically quiescent, but it is far from inert chemically.
Without cellular renewal and with decades of environmental exposures, the lens proteome …

In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into specialized tissues and
organs represents a powerful approach to gain insight into those cellular and molecular …

Simple Summary Modern evolutionary biology offers a wide variety of methods to explore
the evolution of species and to describe their relationships. The methods of DNA/RNA …

Protein aggregation is the etiopathogenesis of the three most profound vision-threatening
eye diseases: age-related cataract, presbyopia, and age-related macular degeneration. This …

Γ-Crystallins play a major role in age-related lens transparency. Their destabilization by
mutations and physical chemical insults are associated with cataract formation. Therefore …