This report on vitamin B-12 (B12) is part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development
(BOND) Project, which provides state-of-the art information and advice on the selection, use …

Hyperhomocysteinemia/Homocysteinuria is characterized by an increased level of toxic
homocysteine in the plasma. The plasma concentration of homocysteine is 5–15 μmol/L in …

Aneuploidy (trisomy or monosomy) is the most commonly identified chromosome
abnormality in humans, occurring in at least 5% of all clinically recognized pregnancies …

Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and for cellular energy production. This review
aims to outline the metabolism of vitamin B12, and to evaluate the causes and …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common complex congenital malformations resulting from
failure of the neural tube closure during embryogenesis. It is established that folic acid …

Folate being an important vitamin of B Complex group in our diet plays an important role not
only in the synthesis of DNA but also in the maintenance of methylation reactions in the …

Background: Measurement of plasma total homocysteine has become common as new
methods have been introduced. A wide range of disorders are associated with increased …

Each year spina bifida and anencephaly, the two most common forms of neural-tube defects,
occur in 1 in 1000 pregnancies in the United States1 and an estimated 300,000 or more …

This paper reviews the chemistry, metabolism, and molecular biology of folic acid, with a
particular emphasis on how it is, or may be, involved in many disease processes. Folic acid …

Abstract The enzyme 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is involved in
folate metabolism. The MTHFR gene is located on chromosome 1 (1p36. 3), and two …