Background: There are over 43 million individuals in the world who are blind. As retinal
ganglion cells are incapable of regeneration, treatment modalities for this condition are …

Abstract Purpose of Review In the field of tissue engineering, the “perfusion decellularization
and recellularization” emerged over the last decade. This technique is generating a complex …

Background: Since adult mammalian retinal ganglion cells cannot regenerate after injury,
we have recently established a whole-eye transplantation (WET) rat model that provides an …

Background: Recent advances in the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation
have revolutionized reconstructive surgery and demonstrated opportunity for restoration of …

As innovations in the field of vascular composite allotransplantation (VCA) progress, whole-
eye transplantation (WET) is poised to transition from non-human mammalian models to …

Background: In properly selected patients, combined face and whole eye transplantation
(FWET) may offer a more optimal aesthetic and potentially functional outcome while …

Objective: The intent of this chapter is to provide a systematic reappraisal of the bony
anatomy of the orbit. The studies and the available literature on this topic are ever …

Abstract Purpose of Review Anatomical and functional successes have extended into the
field of vascularized composite allotransplantation. However, the goal of whole-eye …

The first face transplant was performed in 2005 raising ethical and psychological issues only
conjectured about until then. The number of face transplant recipients has continued to grow …

Microsurgery is a highly specialized area that has had exemplary innovations and had
substantial influence in reconstructive surgery over the last a few decades. Microsurgery …