Purpose Nicotine and alcohol-containing products are some of the most commonly used
substances of abuse and are both leading causes of preventable death. These substances …

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and nicotine, the
primary psychoactive constituent in tobacco, drives sustained use. The behavioral actions of …

Nicotine and nornicotine are all toxic alkaloids involved in the formation of carcinogenic
tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Microbes play an important role in removing these toxic …

Background While nicotine is the primary addictive compound in tobacco, other tobacco
constituents including minor alkaloids (eg, nornicotine, anabasine) may also contribute to …

Dependence on opioids and the number of opioid overdose deaths are serious and
escalating public health problems, but medication-assisted treatments for opioid addiction …

Background Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists have been shown to
decrease ethanol (EtOH) drinking in rodent assays. The GLP‐1 system also powerfully …

Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use is maintained by the positive reinforcement
associated with preferred flavors. These flavors become conditioned reinforcers through …

Introduction Although nicotine is the primary reinforcing constituent in cigarettes, there is
evidence that other constituents in cigarette smoke may interact with nicotine to reinforce …

Secondary metabolites in floral nectar have been shown to reduce parasite load in two
common bumble bee species. Previous studies on the effects of nectar secondary …

Background Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased exponentially since
their appearance on the US market around 2007. To provide preclinical models of vaping …