The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiological barrier that separates the
central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral circulation, which contains inflammatory …

In neurological diseases, the actions of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS
parenchyma, may diverge from, or intersect with, those of recruited monocytes to drive …

Remyelination, the myelin regenerative response that follows demyelination, restores
saltatory conduction and function and sustains axon health. Its declining efficiency with …

Microglia and non-parenchymal macrophages in the brain are mononuclear phagocytes that
are increasingly recognized to be essential players in the development, homeostasis and …

Novel insights from basic and translational studies are reshaping concepts of the
immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and understanding of the different inflammatory …

Classically, the CNS is described as displaying immune privilege, as it shows attenuated
responses to challenge by alloantigen. However, the CNS does show local inflammation in …

Autophagy is emerging as a core regulator of Central Nervous System (CNS) aging and
neurodegeneration. In the brain, it has mostly been studied in neurons, where the delivery of …

Macrophages are major cell types of the immune system, and they comprise both tissue‐
resident populations and circulating monocyte‐derived subsets. Here, we discuss microglia …

Immune cells mediate critical inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in the CNS in
individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, activated microglia, border-associated …

Inflammation of the nervous system (neuroinflammation) is now recognized as a hallmark of
virtually all neurological disorders. In neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple …